NarrowHammer

Yi Sang-cha

2005-04-05T23:30:00.000-07:00

Yi was originally a slave in a scholar's household, but his great artistic talents soon came to the attention of the king, and he was admitted to the Korean Royal Academy and made a member of the middle class. He is known for his landscapes as well as for his portraits of the royal

Haleakala

2005-04-05T18:15:00.000-07:00

The name Haleakala (Hawaiian: “House of the

Argentina, Andean and sub-Andean zones

2005-04-04T20:08:00.000-07:00

The high-elevation, cold climatic phenomenon in Argentina is sometimes referred to as tundra climate and, in even colder mountaintop

Abasiyanik, Sait Faik

2005-04-03T17:18:00.000-07:00

Abasiyan

Rapier, James T.

2005-04-03T13:13:00.000-07:00

Born in affluence—his father was a wealthy planter—Rapier was educated by private tutors and later studied at Montreal College (Canada), the University of Glasgow (Scotland), and Franklin College (Nashville,

Totila

2005-04-02T15:12:00.000-08:00

Chosen king by Gothic chiefs in the autumn of 541, after King Witigis had been carried off prisoner to Constantinople, Totila proved himself both as a general and as a political leader, winning the support of the lower classes by freeing slaves and

Confucianism, The Sung masters

2005-04-01T08:37:00.000-08:00

The Sung dynasty (960–1279) was militarily weak and much smaller than the T'ang, but its cultural splendour and economic prosperity were unprecedented in human history. The Sung's commercial revolution produced flourishing markets, densely populated urban centres, elaborate communication networks, theatrical performances, literary groups, and popular religions—developments

Ibn Al-jawzi

2005-03-31T14:43:00.000-08:00

Ibn al-Jawzi received a traditional religious education, and, upon the completion of his studies, he chose a teaching career, becoming

Cincinnati

2005-03-30T05:50:00.000-08:00

City, seat of Hamilton county, southwestern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (bridged) opposite Covington and Newport, Kentucky, 15 miles (24 km) east of the Indiana border. Cincinnati is Ohio's third largest city, after Cleveland and Columbus. Picturesquely situated between the Little Miami and Great Miami rivers at their influx into the Ohio, it is encircled by hills rising

Nordenflycht, Hedvig Charlotta

2005-03-29T09:04:00.000-08:00

The deaths

Shillong Plateau

2005-03-29T04:20:00.000-08:00

Plateau in eastern Meghalaya state, northeastern India. It is a rolling tableland and the highest portion of the hill mass that comprises most of Meghalaya. The plateau's western, northern, and southern escarpments are called the Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia hills, respectively. The Shillong Plateau is an outlier of the plateau of peninsular India and is composed primarily

Han River

2005-03-28T02:52:00.000-08:00

Wade–Giles romanization Han Chiang, Pinyin Han Jiang, river in eastern Kwangtung Province (sheng), China. The Han River rises in the Wu-i Shan (mountains) in southwest Fukien Province to the north of Ch'ang-t'ing. Its upper course is known as the T'ing Chiang, and it flows south to Feng-shih, below which it is joined by the Yung-ting Chi (river). Flowing south over the border into Kwangtung Province, it is joined at San-ho-pa by its principal

Durang, John

2005-03-27T19:42:00.000-08:00

The first U.S.-born professional dancer of note, who was best known for his hornpipe dance. In 1784, when Durang was 17 years old, he made his debut as a performer in Lewis Hallam's “lecture” and patriotic extravaganza. Plays and dances were banned by law at that time, and the euphemism lecture was used for such events. Thus began Durang's dance career, and although

Endocrine System, Phylum Chordata

2005-03-27T06:54:00.000-08:00

The phylum Chordata is separated into three subgroups (or subphyla). The invertebrate subphylum Tunicata consists of the marine tunicates, including the ascidians and salps. The invertebrate subphylum Cephalochordata includes the fishlike amphioxus (or lancelet). Amphioxus is a small marine animal that closely resembles the larva of the jawless fishes (class

Safi Od-din

2005-03-26T20:34:00.000-08:00

Safi od-Din, a descendant of a family of provincial administrators, obtained his early education in Ardabil, where his family held dependencies as a land grant from the central government. Later, in Shiraz, he was influenced by Sufi (mystical) teachings. He then traveled to the province of Gilan (the Iranian

Janet, Pierre(-marie-félix)

2005-03-25T20:47:00.000-08:00

Psychologist and neurologist influential in bringing about in France and the United States a connection between academic psychology and the clinical treatment of mental illnesses. He stressed psychological factors in hypnosis and contributed to the modern concept of mental and emotional disorders involving anxiety, phobias, and other

Topelius, Zacharias

2005-03-25T09:33:00.000-08:00

Topelius joined the faculty of the University of Helsinki as professor of Finnish history in 1864; he served as university president, 1875–78. Though he published five collections of lyrics, he is best known for F

Orange River, Physiography

2005-03-24T20:00:00.000-08:00

The headwaters of the Orange River rise at an altitude of about 10,800 feet (3,300 metres) above sea level on a dissected plateau formed by the Lesotho Highlands that extends from the Drakensberg escarpment in the east to the Maloti (Maluti) Mountains in the west. The main source of the Orange River is officially recognized as the Sinqu (Senqu) River, which rises near the plateau's

Papeete

2005-03-23T18:14:00.000-08:00

Commune, capital of French Polynesia, lying on the northwest coast of Tahiti. A gracious tropical city with tall palms and abundant flowers, Papeete is one of the largest urban centres in the South Pacific. Its excellent harbour made it, by 1829, a place of trade and a favourite port of call for whalers. After annexation by the French (1880), it was made the seat of the governor, and in

Boston, Cultural life

2005-03-23T17:48:00.000-08:00

The Boston Symphony Orchestra, which was founded in

Aesthetics, Post-Hegelian aesthetics

2005-03-22T01:36:00.000-08:00

Little of 19th-century aesthetics after Hegel has proved of lasting interest. Perhaps the most important exception is the controversial literature surrounding Richard Wagner, particularly the attack on the expressive theory of music launched by Wagner's critic Eduard Hanslick in his Vom musikalisch-Schönen (1854; On the Beautiful in Music). With this work modern musical

Aulnoy, Marie-catherine Le Jumel De Barneville, Countess (comtesse) D'

2005-03-21T20:31:00.000-08:00

Shortly after her marriage as a young girl in 1666, Marie d'Aulnoy conspired with her mother and their two lovers to accuse falsely Marie's husband, a middle-aged financier, of high treason. When the plot miscarried,

Rouen Ware

2005-03-21T03:49:00.000-08:00

Faience (tin-glazed earthenware) and porcelain wares that made Rouen, Fr., a major pottery centre. In the 16th century faience was used as an element of architectural decoration and in apothecary jars. A Rouen potter, Edme Poterat, who opened a factory in Rouen in 1647, is credited with the invention of France's soft-paste porcelain. He also introduced the radiating festoon style

Kahn, Robert Elliot

2005-03-19T18:09:00.000-08:00

After receiving an engineering degree from City College of New York in 1960, Kahn received his M.A. (1962) and Ph.D. (1964) in electrical engineering from Princeton University. Immediately after completing his doctorate, Kahn worked for Bell Laboratories and subsequently

Cranberry

2005-03-19T01:00:00.000-08:00

Fruit of any of several small creeping or trailing plants of the genus Vaccinium (family Ericaceae), related to the blueberries. The small-fruited, or northern, cranberry (V. oxycoccus) is found in marshy land in northern North America and Asia and in northern and central Europe. Its stems are wiry and creeping; the leaves are evergreen, oval or elliptical,

Derbyshire Dales

2005-03-18T21:15:00.000-08:00

The Romans mined lead in the area between Wirksworth and Castleton, and lead mining continued until the 19th century. Cotton textiles became important when Sir Richard Arkwright built the first water-powered cotton-spinning

Hui Tsung

2005-03-18T19:07:00.000-08:00

Hui Tsung sought escape from affairs of state in the pleasures of arts and letters. He urged painters in his academy of painting to depict objects that were “true to colour and form,” inviting an extreme literalness of representation;

Han-yang

2005-03-18T03:40:00.000-08:00

Also called Ts'ai-tien , Pinyin Hanyang , or Caidian urban area and industrial city in Hupeh Province (sheng), central China. Located on the right bank of the Han Shui (river) at its confluence with the Yangtze, opposite Han-k'ou, it is the westernmost of the three cities of the Wu-han (q.v.) conurbation (Han-k'ou, Han-yang, Wu-ch'ang). Han-yang was founded under the Sui dynasty (AD 581–618) but was of little importance until modern times. In the early

Joensuu

2005-03-17T20:41:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Pohjois-Karjalan lääni (province), southeastern Finland, at the mouth of the Pielisjoki (river), southeast of Kuopio. Chartered in 1848, the city is a rail junction and centre for lumber shipment and has connections by steamship, highway, and air. Local industry includes plywood and lumber mills. Notable landmarks include the town hall (1914), designed by the 20th-century

Murcia

2005-03-16T07:09:00.000-08:00

Castile annexed the kingdom of Murcia in 1243, thereby securing access to the Mediterranean and challenging the southern expansion of the crown of Aragon.

Hesse-darmstadt

2005-03-16T03:43:00.000-08:00

Hesse-Darmstadt was originally only the small territory of Upper Katzenelnbogen with Darmstadt, being situated in what is now the extreme southern portion of the present-day

Libya

2005-03-15T09:43:00.000-08:00

The Libyan leadership continued to seek improved international relations with the United States and European Union countries. Diplomatic relations had been restored with all except the United States by the beginning of 2002. The outcome of the Lockerbie trial in January 2001 was unconvincing internationally, unsatisfactory from the point of view of the families of

Platinum Group, Assaying

2005-03-15T09:30:00.000-08:00

Assaying ores and concentrates for platinum-group metals is extremely difficult, since the concentration of any particular metal may be less than one part per million. Initial concentration is achieved by fire assay. The assay bead is dissolved in aqua regia and the metals separated and concentrated, often by solvent extraction. Dissolution of the bead is complicated

Moree

2005-03-14T18:08:00.000-08:00

Town, northern New South Wales, Australia, on the Gwydir River, in the Western Slopes district. Originating in 1848 as a livestock station, it became a village in 1852, a town in 1862, and a municipality in 1890. Its name comes from an Aboriginal word for “rising sun,” “long spring,” or “water hole.” At the junction of the Gwydir and Newell highways, with regular air and rail service to Sydney (319 mi [513 km] southeast),

Quiché

2005-03-14T09:14:00.000-08:00

Department, northwestern Guatemala, bounded on the north by Mexico. The 3,235 sq mi (8,378 sq km) of the department extend from the valley of the upper Río Motagua across the Sierra de Chuacús and the Altos (mountains) Cuchumatanes to the lowlands of the Río Lacantum, at the Mexican border. Most of the inhabitants, many of whom are Maya Indians, are farmers, raising livestock, corn (maize),

Sea Anemone

2005-03-14T00:48:00.000-08:00

Any member of the invertebrate order Actiniaria (class Anthozoa, phylum Cnidaria), primarily sedentary marine animals resembling flowers. They are found from the tidal zone of all oceans to depths of more than 10,000 m (about 33,000 feet). Some live in brackish water. They are largest, most numerous, and most colourful in warmer seas. The colourful Tealia

Kieslowski, Krzysztof

2005-03-13T16:14:00.000-08:00

Kieslowski graduated from the State Theatrical and Film College in Lódz, Poland, in 1968 and began his film career making documentaries, including one he had made for Polish television

T'ao-yüan

2005-03-13T11:52:00.000-08:00

Hsien (county), northern Taiwan, with an area of 471 sq mi (1,221 sq km). It is bordered by the hsiens of T'ai-pei (north), I-lan (east), and Hsin-chu (south) and by the Taiwan Strait (west). Ranges of the Hsüeh-shan Shan-mo (mountain range) extend over most of the southeastern part of the county and gradually merge with the fertile alluvial coastal plains to the northwest where paddy rice, sweet potatoes,

Caucasian Languages, Grammatical characteristics

2005-03-12T17:23:00.000-08:00

The grammatical characteristics of the Abkhazo-Adyghian languages include an extremely simple noun system and a relatively complicated system of verb conjugation. There are no grammatical cases in Abkhaz and Abaza, and in the other languages only two principal cases occur: a direct case (nominative) and an oblique case, combining the functions of several

Ascomycetes

2005-03-11T08:59:00.000-08:00

The sac fungi are separated into subgroups based on whether asci arise singly or are borne in one of several types of fruiting structures, or ascocarps, and

Visitador

2005-03-11T00:15:00.000-08:00

The institution of the

Heiberg, Johan Ludvig

2005-03-11T00:08:00.000-08:00

Playwright, poet, literary historian, and critic whose romantic idealism in a sense epitomized the Danish Romantic school, which he helped bring to an end when he established a new era of topical, sophisticated, and satirical literature. Heiberg also introduced both Hegelian philosophy and vaudeville, or ballad opera,

Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke Of, Earl Of Nottingham, Earl Marshal

2005-03-10T16:38:00.000-08:00

The son of John, 4th Lord Mowbray, Thomas was made Earl of Nottingham

Deneuve, Catherine

2005-03-10T14:55:00.000-08:00

Deneuve was the third of four daughters born to the French actors Maurice Dorléac and Renée Deneuve. She landed a small role in the 1957 film Les Collégiennes (The Twilight Girls) and began her film career

Staines

2005-03-10T03:17:00.000-08:00

Town in Spelthorne borough, administrative county of Surrey, historic county of Middlesex, England, on the left bank of the River Thames. A residential community on the western fringe of Greater London, Staines marks a crossing of the Thames used since Roman times by the major road from London to the southwest of Britain. Nearby are large reservoirs where Thames water

Cariboo Road

2005-03-09T08:04:00.000-08:00

Wagon trail that was constructed (1862–65) in the Fraser River valley, in southern British Columbia, Canada, to serve the Cariboo gold rush. The trail extended more than 400 miles (644 km) from Yale, at the head of steamboat navigation on the Fraser River, through Ashcroft, to Barkerville in the Cariboo Mountains. The project was regarded as an engineering triumph because of the precipitous

Wagner, Richard

2005-03-08T16:21:00.000-08:00

The artistic and theatrical background of Wagner's early years (several elder sisters became opera singers or actresses) was a main formative influence. Impulsive and self-willed, he was a negligent scholar at the Kreuzschule, Dresden, and the Nicholaischule, Leipzig. He frequented concerts, however, taught himself the piano and composition, and read the plays of

Deneuve, Catherine

2005-03-07T17:29:00.000-08:00

English Vietnamese Nationalist Party the first large-scale revolutionary nationalist organization in Vietnam. Founded officially in 1927, the VNQDD was modeled after the revolutionary Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) of China. Its aim, like that of the Nationalist Party, was the establishment of a republican democratic government free from foreign interference. Gaining the allegiance of many military

Oman

2005-03-07T09:06:00.000-08:00

This discussion focuses on Oman since the 18th century. For a treatment of earlier periods and of the country in its regional context, see Arabia, history of.

'imad Ad-dawlah

2005-03-07T05:02:00.000-08:00

One of the founders of the Buyid dynasty of Iran. 'Ali and his brothers Ahmad and Hasan were followers of Mardaviz ebn Zeyar of northern Iran. In 934 'Ali revolted against local Zeyarid rulers and conquered Fars province in southern Iran. He made Shiraz his capital, ruling there until his death. After Ahmad established control over the 'Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad

Oscillograph

2005-03-06T10:55:00.000-08:00

Instrument for indicating and recording time-varying electrical quantities, such as current and voltage. The two basic forms of the instrument in common use are the electromagnetic oscillograph and the cathode-ray oscillograph; the latter is also known as a cathode-ray oscilloscope (q.v.), which, strictly speaking, is purely an indicating instrument, while the oscillograph

Dehua Porcelain

2005-03-05T17:31:00.000-08:00

Wade-Giles romanization Te-hua Chinese porcelain made at Dehua in Fujian province. Although the kiln began production some time during the Song period (960–1279), most examples of the porcelain are attributed to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The characteristic product of Dehua was the white porcelain known to the French as blanc de chine, which had the appearance of blancmange, or milk jelly. Figures of Buddhist deities,

Eadwig

2005-03-05T02:48:00.000-08:00

Early historical sources are biased against Eadwig. According to one writer, he hated the great monastic reformer Dunstan because he made Eadwig return to his coronation

Dennison, Aaron Lufkin

2005-03-04T11:11:00.000-08:00

Apprenticed at the age of 18 to a watchmaker in Brunswick, Maine, he learned the prevailing

Arab

2005-03-04T02:10:00.000-08:00

Arabic singular masculine 'arabi, singular feminine 'arabiyah, plural 'arab, one whose native language is Arabic. (See Arabic language.) Before the spread of Islam and, with it, the Arabic language, “Arab” referred to any of the largely nomadic Semitic inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula. In modern usage, it embraces any of the Arabic-speaking peoples living in the vast region from Mauritania, on the Atlantic coast of Africa, to southwestern Iran,

Atlantic Ocean, The South Atlantic

2005-03-03T06:19:00.000-08:00

The currents of the South Atlantic correspond in many respects to those of the North Atlantic. The southeast trade winds maintain the South Equatorial Current, which flows toward the west where it divides into two branches: one that continues to the Northern Hemisphere and enters the Caribbean—together with a small amount of water from the North Equatorial

Ibn Al-'arabi

2005-03-03T05:07:00.000-08:00

A.M. Palacios, El Islam cristianizado; estudio del “sufismo” a través de las obras de Abenarabi de Murcia (1931); R.A. Nicholson, Studies in Islamic Mysticism (1921); A.E. Affifi, The Mystical Philosophy of Muhyid-Din Ibnul 'Arabi (1939); S.H. Nasr, Three Muslim Sages (1963); M.M. Sharif (ed.), A History of Muslim Philosophy, vol. 2 (1963); Henry Corbin, Creative Imagination in the Sufism of Ibn 'Arabi (Eng. trans. 1969); Osman Yahya, Histoire et classification de l'oeuvre d'Ibn 'Arabi, 2 vol. (1964); T. Izutsu, A Comparative Study of the Key Philosophical Concepts in Sufism and Taoism: Ibn 'Arabî and Lao Tzû, Chuang Tzû, 2 vol. (1966–67). See especially the works of Palacios, Nasr, and Corbin for biographical information.

Altranstädt, Treaties Of

2005-03-02T10:26:00.000-08:00

Shortly after Augustus was crowned king of Poland (Sept. 15, 1697), he formed an alliance with Denmark and Russia against Sweden (autumn 1699) that precipitated the Second Northern War. Charles,

López Y Fuentes, Gregorio

2005-03-01T07:58:00.000-08:00

In his youth he spent much time in his father's general store, where he came in contact with the Indians, farmers, and labourers of the region, whose lives he would later describe with deep insight. After unsuccessful efforts at

Boilly, Louis-léopold

2005-03-01T01:40:00.000-08:00

Boilly, the son of a wood-carver, painted portraits for a living before moving to Paris in 1785. There he began to paint the detailed anecdotal pictures of fashionable

Bevan, Aneurin

2005-03-01T01:31:00.000-08:00

The son of

Judaism, The gaonate of Sa'adia ben Joseph

2005-02-28T16:33:00.000-08:00

In a bold effort to restore discipline and respect for the gaonate, an able exilarch, David ben Zakkai (916/917–940), bypassed the families from whom the geonim had traditionally been selected and in 928 appointed Sa'adia ben Joseph al-Fayyumi to head the academy of Sura. Of Egyptian birth, Sa'adia had gained wide acclaim for his scholarly retorts to Karaites, heretics, and Palestinian

Mobley, Hank

2005-02-27T13:06:00.000-08:00

Mobley began playing tenor saxophone as a New Jersey teenager and gained experience in the bands of Max Roach (1951–53) and Dizzy Gillespie (1954). Lester Young and especially

Aleksin

2005-02-27T06:11:00.000-08:00

City, Tula oblast (province), western Russia, on the Oka River, 40 miles (65 km) northwest of Tula city. Aleksin, first documented in 1236, was at first a fortress, then a river port. The decline of river trade adversely affected the city, but since the October Revolution (1917) it has become a significant industrial centre, with engineering and building-materials industries. Pop. (1991 est.) 74,200.

Biblical Literature, Developments in the 16th century

2005-02-26T16:25:00.000-08:00

With the advent of printing and differences between Roman Catholics and Protestants, the canon and its relationship to tradition finally became fixed. During the Counter-Reformation Council of Trent (1545–63), the canon of the entire Bible was set in 1546 as the Vulgate, based on Jerome's Latin version. For Luther, the criterion of what was canonical was both apostolicity, or what

Père David's Deer

2005-02-25T04:49:00.000-08:00

The deer is about 1.1 metres (43 inches) tall at the shoulder and is characterized

La Fontaine, Jean De

2005-02-25T01:30:00.000-08:00

The Fables unquestionably represent the peak of La Fontaine's achievement. The first six books, known as the premier recueil (“first collection”), were published in 1668 and were followed by five more books (the second recueil) in 1678–79 and a twelfth book in 1694. The Fables in the second collection show even greater technical skill than those in the first and are longer, more reflective,

Keratosis

2005-02-25T00:53:00.000-08:00

Any protuberance on the skin resulting from the overdevelopment of the horny outermost covering of the skin, or epidermis, the main constituent of which is the protein keratin, which is synthesized in special cells of the skin, the keratinocytes. More generally, keratosis is any skin disorder attended by horny growths. The causes and lesions characteristic of keratotic

Gisborne

2005-02-24T19:09:00.000-08:00

Unitary authority, east-central North Island, New Zealand. The authority includes the eastern side of East Cape (the easternmost promontory of North Island), most of the Raukumara Range, and the Waipaoa and Mata rivers. Gisborne is bounded by the Bay of Plenty local government region to the west and by the Pacific Ocean to the north and east. The cape was the first landing

Alaskan Brown Bear

2005-02-24T16:58:00.000-08:00

Race or subspecies of grizzly bear (q.v.).

Domain

2005-02-23T11:08:00.000-08:00

In Anglo-American law, the absolute and complete ownership of land, or the land itself which is so owned. Domain is the fullest and most superior right of property in land. Domain as a legal concept is derived from the dominium of the Roman law, which included the right of property as well as the right of possession or use of the property. The English common-law adoption

Oak Bay

2005-02-23T05:17:00.000-08:00

District municipality, southwestern British Columbia, Canada, on southeastern Vancouver Island. It is an eastern residential suburb of Victoria, the provincial capital, and is a popular retirement community, with one of the highest percentages of persons over 65 in Canada. Inc. 1906. Pop. (1991) 17,815.

D.b.e.

2005-02-23T03:57:00.000-08:00

Dame commander of the British Empire, member of the second highest class of a British order of knighthood. See British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the.

Incremental Repetition

2005-02-22T10:04:00.000-08:00

A device used in poetry of the oral tradition, especially English and Scottish ballads, in which a line is repeated in a changed context or with minor changes in the repeated part. The device is illustrated in the following stanzas from the ballad “Lord Randal”: “O where ha' you been, Lord Randal, my son? And where ha' you been, my handsome young man?”“I ha' been at the greenwood; mother,

Costa, Lúcio

2005-02-22T05:27:00.000-08:00

After graduating from the National School of Fine Arts, Rio de Janeiro, in 1924, Costa entered into a partnership with Gregori Warchavchick, a Russian-born architect and early advocate of modern architecture in

Radiation

2005-02-21T17:24:00.000-08:00

Flow of atomic and subatomic particles and of waves, such as those that characterize heat rays, light rays, and X rays. All matter is constantly bombarded with radiation of both types from cosmic and terrestrial sources. This article delineates the properties and behaviour of radiation and the matter with which it interacts and describes how energy is transferred

Bottome, Margaret Mcdonald

2005-02-21T01:50:00.000-08:00

Née Margaret McDonald American columnist and religious organizer, founder of the Christian spiritual development and service organization now known as the International Order of the King's Daughters and Sons. She attended school in Brooklyn and in 1850 married the Reverend Frank Bottome. Her long-standing practice of giving informal talks on the Bible

Goatsucker

2005-02-20T14:33:00.000-08:00

Alternative name of birds of the family Caprimulgidae, otherwise known as nightjars (q.v.). The name goatsucker is sometimes applied to the order, Caprimulgiform.

Arts, Islamic, The new style

2005-02-19T13:11:00.000-08:00

The new approach to poetry that developed during the 9th century was first accorded scholarly discussion in the Kitab al-badi ' (“Book of the Novel and Strange”) by Ibn al-Mu'tazz (died 908), caliph for one day, who laid down rules for the use of metaphors, similes, and verbal puns. The ideal of these “modern” poets was the richest possible embellishment of verses by the use of tropes, brilliant

Locomotion, Invertebrates

2005-02-19T09:06:00.000-08:00

As in the protozoans, aquatic locomotion in invertebrates (animals without backbones) consists of both swimming and bottom movements. In swimming, the propulsive force is derived entirely from the interaction between the organism and the water; in bottom movements, the bottom surface provides the interacting surface. Whereas some bottom movements are identical

Chambord, Henri Dieudonné D'artois, Count (comte) De, Duke (duc) De Bordeaux

2005-02-18T20:42:00.000-08:00

The posthumous son of the assassinated Charles-Ferdinand, Duke de Berry, and grandson of King Charles X, he was forced to flee France in 1830 when his cousin Louis-Philippe seized the throne. He spent most of his young life in Austria, where

Gauteng

2005-02-18T08:13:00.000-08:00

Province, northeastern South Africa. It consists of the cities of Pretoria, Johannesburg, Germiston, and Vereeniging and their surrounding metropolitan areas in the eastern part of the Witwatersrand region. Gauteng is the smallest South African province. It is bordered by the provinces of Northern on the north, Mpumalanga on the east, Free State on the south, and

China, The Boxer Rebellion

2005-02-17T23:10:00.000-08:00

The crisis of 1896–98 stirred a furious antiforeign uprising in Shantung, aroused by the German advances and encouraged by the provincial governor. It was staged by a band of people called the I-ho ch'üan (Righteous and Harmonious Fists) who believed that a mysterious boxing art rendered them invulnerable to harm. The group's origin is generally supposed to have been in the

Economic Stabilizer

2005-02-17T19:09:00.000-08:00

Any of the institutions and practices in an economy that serve to reduce fluctuations in the business cycle through offsetting effects on the amounts of income available for spending (disposable income). The most important automatic stabilizers include unemployment compensation and other transfer payment programs, farm price supports, and family and corporate

Uesugi Kenshin

2005-02-17T18:45:00.000-08:00

Nagao Torachiyo was the third son of the head of Echigo province in northeastern Japan. With the death of his father in 1543, the family's control of the area began to disintegrate. Torachiyo not only restored order to the area but also gained control of neighbouring

Spanish Lime

2005-02-16T06:38:00.000-08:00

(Melicoccus bijugus), tree, of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), native to the West Indies. It grows to about 15 metres (50 feet). The flowers are small, greenish white, and fragrant. The green fruit is a drupe (a single stony seed covered by soft, fleshy tissue) with yellow or white tasty, juicy flesh.

Lafayette, Marie-joseph-paul-yves-roch-gilbert Du Motier, Marquis De

2005-02-15T01:36:00.000-08:00

Born into an ancient noble family, Lafayette had already inherited

Mies Van Der Rohe, Ludwig

2005-02-14T02:28:00.000-08:00

Original name Maria Ludwig Michael Mies German-born American architect whose rectilinear forms, crafted in elegant simplicity, epitomized the International Style (q.v.) of architecture.

Conestoga Wagon

2005-02-14T01:24:00.000-08:00

Horse-drawn freight wagon that originated during the 18th century in the Conestoga Creek region of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, U.S. Ideally suited for hauling freight over bad roads, the Conestoga wagon had a capacity of up to six tons, a floor curved up at each end to prevent the contents from shifting inside, and a white canvas cover to protect against bad weather;

Turtle

2005-02-13T16:40:00.000-08:00

One-man submarine, the first to be put to military use, built and designed by the American inventor David Bushnell (q.v.) in 1775 for use against British warships. The pear-shaped vessel, made of oak reinforced with iron bands, measured about 2.3 m (7.5 feet) long by 1.8 m (6 feet) wide. It was equipped with a mine that was to be attached to the hull of an enemy ship. In 1776, in New York harbour, the Turtle tried

Rhizopod

2005-02-13T14:33:00.000-08:00

Any member of the protozoan superclass Rhizopoda. Three types of pseudopodia (cytoplasmic extensions) used in locomotion and digestion are found in members of this superclass: (1) long, thin reticulopodia, which fuse into a network; (2) nonfusing filopodia, similar to reticulopodia; and (3) blunt and fingerlike lobopodia (the pseudopodia formed by Amoeba). Tests (protective

Aubignac, François Hédelin, Abbé D'

2005-02-13T02:43:00.000-08:00

Although trained as an advocate, Aubignac

Space Shuttle

2005-02-12T20:51:00.000-08:00

Partially reusable rocket-launched vehicle designed to go into orbit around Earth, to transport people and cargo to and from orbiting spacecraft, and to glide to a runway landing on its return to Earth's surface. The first vehicle of this type was developed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Formally called the Space Transportation System

Hojo Yoshitoki

2005-02-11T20:59:00.000-08:00

Yoshitoki succeeded his father, Hojo Tokimasa (q.v.), as regent, making this office the hereditary post of the Hojo family. Thereafter, although the emperor at Kyoto was the official

épernon, Jean-louis De Nogaret De La Valette, Duke (duc) D'

2005-02-10T11:52:00.000-08:00

Of obscure nobility, La Valette rose to prominence as a favourite of Henry III, who created him duke and peer of France in 1582. He and Anne de Joyeuse acted virtually as prime ministers in the 1580s. His rapacity was notorious, but he also showed great political ability

Abu Al-fida'

2005-02-10T09:28:00.000-08:00

Abu al-Fida' was a descendant of Ayyub, the father of Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty that had been supplanted by the Mamluks in Egypt and elsewhere before his birth. In 1285 he accompanied his father and his cousin (prince of Hamah and a Mamluk client)

Pompadour, Jeanne-antoinette Poisson, Marquise De

2005-02-09T10:22:00.000-08:00

Byname Madame De Pompadour, also called (1741–45) Jeanne-antoinette Le Normant D'étioles influential mistress (from 1745) of the French king Louis XV and a notable patron of literature and the arts.

Duralumin

2005-02-09T07:08:00.000-08:00

Strong, hard, lightweight alloy of aluminum, widely used in aircraft construction, discovered and patented in 1910 by Alfred Wilm, a German metallurgist; it was originally made only at Düren in Germany. The original composition has been varied for particular applications; it may contain about 3 or 4 percent copper, 1/2 to 1 percent manganese, 1/2 to 1 1/2 percent magnesium, and, in some formulations,

Interior Design, Renaissance to the end of the 18th century

2005-02-08T14:09:00.000-08:00

The Renaissance was a revival of the old classical styles, and it is not surprising that it first showed itself to a marked degree in Italy. The Gothic style had made comparatively little headway in Italy, where it was regarded as barbarous except in some of the more northerly towns, such as Milan and Venice. The style had more or less coincided with a period of primitive

Wells

2005-02-08T13:33:00.000-08:00

City, Mendip district, administrative and historic county of Somerset, England, at the foot of the Mendip Hills. The name derives from the many springs rising near the cathedral, which was begun in the 12th century and dominates the city. In general, Wells has been little affected by modern industry and growth. It remains a modest service centre, its Market Place and shopping

NarrowHammer

Yi Sang-cha

Haleakala

Argentina, Andean and sub-Andean zones

Abasiyanik, Sait Faik

Rapier, James T.

Totila

Confucianism, The Sung masters

Ibn Al-jawzi

Cincinnati

Nordenflycht, Hedvig Charlotta

Shillong Plateau

Han River

Durang, John

Endocrine System, Phylum Chordata

Safi Od-din

Janet, Pierre(-marie-félix)

Topelius, Zacharias

Orange River, Physiography

Papeete

Boston, Cultural life

Aesthetics, Post-Hegelian aesthetics

Aulnoy, Marie-catherine Le Jumel De Barneville, Countess (comtesse) D'

Rouen Ware

Kahn, Robert Elliot

Cranberry

Derbyshire Dales

Hui Tsung

Han-yang

Joensuu

Murcia

Hesse-darmstadt

Libya

Platinum Group, Assaying

Moree

Quiché

Sea Anemone

Kieslowski, Krzysztof

T'ao-yüan

Caucasian Languages, Grammatical characteristics

Ascomycetes

Visitador

Heiberg, Johan Ludvig

Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke Of, Earl Of Nottingham, Earl Marshal

Deneuve, Catherine

Staines

Cariboo Road

Wagner, Richard

Deneuve, Catherine

Oman

'imad Ad-dawlah

Oscillograph

Dehua Porcelain

Eadwig

Dennison, Aaron Lufkin

Arab

Atlantic Ocean, The South Atlantic

Ibn Al-'arabi

Altranstädt, Treaties Of

López Y Fuentes, Gregorio

Boilly, Louis-léopold

Bevan, Aneurin

Judaism, The gaonate of Sa'adia ben Joseph

Mobley, Hank

Aleksin

Biblical Literature, Developments in the 16th century

Père David's Deer

La Fontaine, Jean De

Keratosis

Gisborne

Alaskan Brown Bear

Domain

Oak Bay

D.b.e.

Incremental Repetition

Costa, Lúcio

Radiation

Bottome, Margaret Mcdonald

Goatsucker

Arts, Islamic, The new style

Arts, Islamic, The new style